Sources and method

Steponenaite and al. (2026). A systematic review of epidemiological studies into daylight-saving time & health identifying beneficial & adverse effects . European Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 419–433.

Review or meta-analysis

157 studies from 36 countries (search up to June 2025), about one in five judged high quality. Unfavourable, null and favourable results: the review rejects a uniformly negative portrayal of daylight time, without showing that daylight time is better in winter. If clock changes are abolished, its authors lean toward standard time, based on limited sleep data and circadian theory.

Neumann and von Blanckenburg (2025). What time will it be? A comprehensive literature review on daylight saving time . Time & Society, 34(4), 684–745.

Review or meta-analysis

Interdisciplinary review (energy, health, crime, roads, economy). Finds partial benefits for crime and some road outcomes, with a more critical assessment elsewhere. The authors conclude in favour of permanent standard time.

Martín-Olalla and Mira (2025). Assessing the best hour to start the day: an appraisal of seasonal daylight saving time . Royal Society Open Science, 12, 240727.

Study

Defends the logic of seasonal adjustment of schedules according to latitude. Not a case for permanent daylight time: cited as an example of the debate on switching.

National Research Council Canada (2026). Lever et coucher du soleil — interprétation des résultats et précision des calculs . NRC.

Official document

Official definitions of sunrise, sunset and twilight; a reference tool for checking the site’s calculations.

NOAA (—). Solar Calculation Details . Global Monitoring Laboratory.

Official document

Calculation method (Meeus algorithms) used by the site’s tools.

Roenneberg, Winnebeck and Klerman (2019). Daylight Saving Time and Artificial Time Zones – A Battle Between Biological and Social Times . Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 944.

Review or meta-analysis

Reference review of circadian reasoning, favouring schedules aligned with the sun and opposing permanent daylight time. Gathers experiments and analogies, with no Québec experiment comparing the two permanent systems. A correction was published (PubMed 31572222).

Blume and Schabus (2020). Perspective: Daylight Saving Time—An Advocacy for a Balanced View and against Fanning Fear . Clocks & Sleep, 2, 19–25.

Position statement

Two sleep researchers acknowledge a higher expected risk under daylight time, but criticize over-interpretation of mostly indirect evidence and dramatization. They call for honest communication of uncertainty and for taking public preferences into account.

Rishi and al. (American Academy of Sleep Medicine) (2024). Permanent standard time is the optimal choice for health and safety: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement . Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 20, 121–125.

Position statement

Recommends permanent standard time for circadian, health and safety reasons. An important specialist opinion, which does not calculate a full balance including leisure, preferences and energy.

Malow (Sleep Research Society) (2022). It is time to abolish the clock change and adopt permanent standard time in the United States: a Sleep Research Society position statement . Sleep, 45, zsac236.

Position statement

Recommends permanent standard time. Reflects the convergence of sleep specialists; it is not additional independent evidence for each study cited.

Crawford and al. (British Sleep Society) (2024). The British Sleep Society position statement on Daylight Saving Time in the UK . Journal of Sleep Research, e14352.

Position statement

Recommends ending clock changes and keeping standard time all year, emphasizing natural morning light.

De Koninck, Nixon and Godbout (2024). The practice of Daylight Saving Time in Canada: Its suitability with respect to sleep and circadian rhythms . Canadian Journal of Public Health, 115, 276–281.

Position statement

Canadian commentary in favour of standard time, taking latitude and time zones into account. A commentary, with no new estimate of the balance between the two systems.

Medina and al. (2015). Adverse Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Adolescents’ Sleep and Vigilance . Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 11, 879–884.

Study

35 teenagers: 32 minutes less sleep on school nights after the March change and reduced alertness. Small sample, transition effect; a relevant warning for teens.

Heissel and Norris (2018). Rise and Shine: The Effect of School Start Times on Academic Performance from Childhood through Puberty . Journal of Human Resources, 53, 957–992.

Study

In Florida, starting school later relative to sunrise is associated with better results among teenagers. An argument for adapted school schedules.

Borisenkov and al. (2017). Seven-year survey of sleep timing in Russian children and adolescents: chronic 1-h forward transition of social clock is associated with increased social jetlag and winter pattern of mood seasonality . Biological Rhythm Research, 48, 3–12.

Study

In Russia, permanently advancing the clock (2011–2014) is associated with more social jet lag and seasonal mood changes among young people. Context: a much larger solar offset than in Québec.

Giuntella and Mazzonna (2019). Sunset time and the economic effects of social jetlag: evidence from US time zone borders . Journal of Health Economics, 65, 210–226.

Study

At U.S. time zone borders, a one-hour later sunset corresponds to about 19 minutes less sleep among the workers studied. Important indirect evidence, exposed to differences between areas.

Brown and al. (2022). Recommendations for daytime, evening, and nighttime indoor light exposure to best support physiology, sleep, and wakefulness in healthy adults . PLOS Biology, 20, e3001571.

Review or meta-analysis

Expert recommendations: bright light during the day and dim light in the evening support sleep and wakefulness. A basis for morning lighting measures in schools and workplaces.

St Hilaire and al. (2012). Human phase response curve to a 1 h pulse of bright white light . Journal of Physiology, 590, 3035–3045.

Study

Controlled experiment: the effect of light on the body clock depends on when it is received. Solid mechanistic evidence — it does not measure the health balance of a time policy.

Kantermann, Juda, Merrow and Roenneberg (2007). The human circadian clock’s seasonal adjustment is disrupted by daylight saving time . Current Biology, 17, 1996–2000.

Study

Sleep on days off tracks dawn differently depending on the time system. A major reference for mechanisms; not a measure of health events.

Statistics Canada (2025). Enquête sur l’emploi du temps 2022 : fichier de microdonnées à grande diffusion . Product 45-25-0001, released March 12, 2025, corrected in July 2025.

Official document

24-hour activity diaries collected from July 2022 to July 2023, including 2,343 respondents from Québec (weighted to represent about 7.2 million people aged 15 and over). Used to know, 5 minutes at a time, what share of Quebecers is asleep. Self-reported sleep, not sensor-measured; people under 15 are not surveyed.

American Academy of Pediatrics (2014). School Start Times for Adolescents (policy statement) . Pediatrics, 134(3), 642–649.

Position statement

Start times before 8:30 AM are a major, modifiable cause of teenagers’ sleep loss. The Academy recommends that middle and high schools not start before 8:30 AM.

State of California (2019). Senate Bill 328 : Education Code, article 46148 . Law signed October 13, 2019, in effect since July 1, 2022.

Official document

Public high schools may not start before 8:30 AM, nor middle schools before 8 AM (rural districts exempt). The first law of its kind in the United States.

Hurst, Morfeld, Lewis and Erren (2024). Daylight Saving Time Transitions and Risk of Heart Attack . Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 121, 490–496.

Review or meta-analysis

Meta-analysis of 12 studies: slightly higher heart attack risk after the March change (relative risk 1.04). An acute effect of the transition, not a measure of the risk of a permanent time.

Rymer and al. (2025). Daylight Savings Time and Acute Myocardial Infarction . JAMA Network Open, 8(9), e2530442.

Study

168,870 patients in 1,124 U.S. hospitals: no significant difference in heart attacks around clock changes. An important result for updating S03, without concluding general safety.

de Lange and al. (2025). Acute effects of daylight saving time clock changes on mental and physical health in England: population based retrospective cohort study . BMJ, 391, e085962.

Study

In England, several recorded health events decrease in the week after the fall change; little change after the March one. A counterweight to one-sided narratives.

Hansen and al. (2017). Daylight Savings Time Transitions and the Incidence Rate of Unipolar Depressive Episodes . Epidemiology, 28, 346–353.

Study

In Denmark, 185,419 hospital contacts: a rise of about 11% in episodes of unipolar depression after the fall change, fading over about ten weeks. A signal consistent with the importance of evening light.

Sandhu, Seth and Gurm (2014). Daylight savings time and myocardial infarction . Open Heart, 1, e000019.

Study

In Michigan, 24% more heart attacks treated on the Monday after the March jump, with no difference over the whole week. Exploratory analysis. Concerns the transition, which both permanent times remove.

Sipilä, Ruuskanen, Rautava and Kytö (2016). Changes in ischemic stroke occurrence following daylight saving time transitions . Sleep Medicine, 27–28, 20–24.

Study

In Finland, relative risk of ischemic stroke of 1.08 in the two days after a clock change; over the whole week, 1.03 (not significant). Concerns transitions, not the time kept all year.

Carey and Sarma (2017). Impact of daylight saving time on road traffic collision risk: a systematic review . BMJ Open, 7, e014319.

Review or meta-analysis

Studies too heterogeneous for a simple conclusion: the review can neither support nor refute a net road safety benefit from permanently shifting light to the evening.

Ferguson, Preusser, Lund, Zador and Ulmer (1995). Daylight saving time and motor vehicle crashes: the reduction in pedestrian and vehicle occupant fatalities . American Journal of Public Health, 85, 92–95.

Model

Estimate based on U.S. fatal crashes from 1987 to 1991: year-round daylight time would have prevented about 901 fatal crashes, 727 of them involving pedestrians. An old model, to be read alongside review S04.

Coate and Markowitz (2004). The effects of daylight and daylight saving time on US pedestrian and motor vehicle occupant fatalities . Accident Analysis & Prevention, 36, 351–357.

Model

Estimates that year-round daylight time would reduce pedestrian deaths by about 13% and vehicle occupant deaths by 3% in the affected hours. U.S. model.

Fritz, VoPham, Wright and Vetter (2020). A Chronobiological Evaluation of the Acute Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Traffic Accident Risk . Current Biology, 30, 729–735.

Study

732,835 U.S. fatal crashes: a rise of about 6% in the week after the March change. An effect of the transition, which abolition removes — whichever time is kept.

Bünnings and Schiele (2021). Spring Forward, Don’t Fall Back: The Effect of Daylight Saving Time on Road Safety . Review of Economics and Statistics, 103, 165–176.

Model

In the United Kingdom, year-round daylight time would reduce the costs of crashes attributed to darkness by about 8%, according to their model. A projection, not a decline observed after a reform.

Gillmore (2025). Daylight Saving Time and Automobile Accidents: Evidence From Chile . Health Economics, 34, 880–931.

Study

In Chile, an estimated 2.7% drop in crashes under daylight time, on top of a temporary rise after the spring change. Shows the importance of separating the effect of the transition from that of light.

Woods, Weast and Monfort (IIHS) (2025). Daylight saving time and fatal crashes: The impact of changing light conditions . Journal of Safety Research, 93, 200–205.

Study

Pedestrians and cyclists respond more than drivers to light conditions. No simple verdict on the permanent system.

Cunningham and al. (2022). Permanent daylight saving time would reduce deer-vehicle collisions . Current Biology, 32, 4982–4988.

Model

Over one million deer-vehicle collisions: +16% after the fall change; permanent daylight time would prevent about 33 human deaths a year in the United States according to the model. To be recalibrated for Québec wildlife.

Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec (2025). Halloween et changement d’heure : la SAAQ appelle à la prudence . News release, October 28, 2025.

Official document

Between 5 and 8 PM, comparing the 30 days after the clocks fall back with the 30 days before: +22.3% injury crashes and +97.7% crashes injuring a pedestrian. The SAAQ points to night falling in the late afternoon. A before-and-after comparison, which mixes the effect of darkness with that of the season.

Doleac and Sanders (2015). Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity . Review of Economics and Statistics, 97, 1093–1103.

Study

Natural experiment in the United States (clock changes and the 2007 extension): about 7% fewer robberies over the day, and about 27% fewer in the evening hour that gains light. A strong result for one specific type of crime.

Domínguez and Asahi (2023). Crime-time: how ambient light affects crime . Journal of Economic Geography, 23, 299–317.

Study

In Chile, about 30% fewer robberies between 7 and 9 PM when a clock change adds light, with no notable short-term displacement detected. An effect on a time slot, not on total annual crime.

Tealde (2022). The unequal impact of natural light on crime . Journal of Population Economics, 35, 893–934.

Study

In Montevideo, an estimated drop of about 17% in robberies, larger in poorly lit areas.

Goodman, Page, Cooper and al. (2014). Daylight saving time as a potential public health intervention: an observational study of evening daylight and objectively-measured physical activity among 23,000 children from 9 countries . International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11, 84.

Study

23,188 children wearing accelerometers: a later sunset goes with slightly more physical activity. Small effect (0.03 to 0.07 standard deviations per hour of evening light), observational.

Jeong, Katta, Wang, Volfovsky and Dunn (2026). Impact of daylight saving time on physical activity patterns . Nature Health, 1, 938–945.

Study

U.S. Fitbit data: no change in the total number of steps, but a shift of activity between morning and evening. A counterweight to the idea that daylight time would automatically make people move more.

Zick (2014). Does Daylight Savings Time encourage physical activity? . Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11, 1057–1060.

Study

Adults in four U.S. Southwestern states: no detected effect on time spent in moderate to vigorous activity.

Leone, Levesque, Bourget-Gaudreault and al. (2023). Secular trends of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents over a 35-year period: Chronicle of a predicted foretold . Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1056484 (published January 5, 2023).

Study

3,725 students aged 6 to 17 in 36 schools in six Québec towns, tested from 2014 to 2017 with the same shuttle run test as in 1982. At age 17, maximal aerobic capacity has fallen by about 18% in boys and 12% in girls; the number of stages completed, by more than 30%. Does not concern legal time.

Christian Duval (UQAM, CRIUGM) (2026). N’éteignons pas la lumière sur nos enfants . La Presse, Opinion section, November 2, 2026.

Position statement

Neuroscience professor in UQAM’s department of exercise science. The debate forgot physical activity: evening light is the light children use. Proposes keeping daylight time and starting school one hour later from December 1 to March 1. Opinion piece (in French).

Havranek, Herman and Irsova (2018). Does Daylight Saving Save Electricity? A Meta-Analysis . The Energy Journal, 39(2), 35–61.

Review or meta-analysis

162 estimates from 44 studies: average saving of 0.34% on the days concerned, highly variable by latitude and climate.

Kotchen and Grant (2011). Does Daylight Saving Time Save Energy? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Indiana . Review of Economics and Statistics, 93, 1172–1185.

Study

In Indiana, an increase of about 1% in residential demand: lighting savings are offset by heating and air conditioning. An example against automatic savings.

Shaffer (2019). Location matters: Daylight saving time and electricity demand . Canadian Journal of Economics, 52, 1374–1400.

Study

Effects on electricity demand vary from province to province depending on solar and waking hours: a Québec-specific estimate is needed.

Hydro-Québec (2026). Gestion de la demande de puissance (Lab Hydro) . Hydro-Québec.

Official document

Winter consumption peaks occur mainly between 6 and 9 AM and between 4 and 8 PM during cold snaps. No estimate of the effect of a time system.

JPMorgan Chase Institute (2016). Shedding Light on Daylight Saving Time . Research report by a private institution, November 1, 2016.

Study

In Los Angeles, daily card spending: +0.9% when daylight time starts, −3.5% when it ends. An indicator of commercial activity based on its customers’ transactions, not a measure of GDP or well-being.

Baylis, Borenstein and Rubin (2023). When we change the clock, does the clock change us? . NBER Working Paper 30999.

Study

Activities largely follow the clock rather than the sun: adjustment to solar time is only partial. Working paper.

Coogan, Richardson and Raman (2022). A Data-Informed Perspective on Public Preferences for Retaining or Abolishing Biannual Clock Changes . Journal of Biological Rhythms, 37, 351–357.

Study

Public preferences often lean toward daylight time, sometimes at odds with expert positions; the authors recommend better understanding these perceptions.

Léger, for Le Journal de Montréal, Le Journal de Québec and TVA (2024). Changement d’heure au Québec . Web survey, September 25–27, 2024, 1,004 Quebecers aged 18 and over (LEO panel, weighted results), published November 1, 2024.

Poll

69% of Quebecers support ending the time change (16% against, 16% indifferent). 57% prefer keeping daylight time all year, versus 18% for standard time. The detailed report also gives 11% for neither option and 14% who don’t know or are indifferent. Weighted sample; as with any web panel, the margin of error (±3.1%) is given for comparison only. Required mention: Léger/Québecor poll.

Weed and Zeitzer (2025). Circadian-informed modeling predicts regional variation in obesity and stroke outcomes under different permanent US time policies . PNAS, 122, e2508293122.

Model

A model combining simulated light and county data, projecting a larger advantage under standard time. Source of spectacular figures that are not observed cases: compared with the current time change, about 2.6 million fewer people with obesity under standard time and 1.7 million under daylight time, according to Stanford. Between the two permanent times, the projected gap is therefore only about 0.9 million, in prevalence and not new cases each year. See the correction and critiques.

Weed and Zeitzer (2026). Correction for Weed and Zeitzer, Circadian-informed modeling predicts regional variation in obesity and stroke outcomes under different permanent US time policies . PNAS, 123, e2612351123.

Published critique

Acknowledged error in the illuminance calculation: a missing constraint allowed sunlight… during the night. Code and data corrected.

Erren, Lewis and Morfeld (2026). Challenges of county-level circadian modeling for time-policy debates . PNAS, 123, e2527389123.

Published critique

Criticizes the individual biological inference drawn from county-level associations and the causal language of model S47.

Martín-Olalla and Mira (2026). The sum of absolute circadian shifts: Questioning the metric linking daylight saving time policy to stroke and obesity . PNAS, 123, e2532075123.

Published critique

Disputes the “circadian burden” indicator used by S47. The model’s authors published a reply.

Weed and Zeitzer (2026). Reply to Erren et al. and Martin-Olalla and Mira: What constitutes circadian burden? An empirically grounded approach to long-term summary metrics . PNAS, 123, e2533444123.

Published critique

Reply from the authors of model S47: they defend their indicator, while acknowledging that it does not establish cause and effect.

Martín-Olalla and Mira (2026). Two seconds per day: Limitations of circadian burden metrics in the Permanent Daylight Saving Time debate . Chronobiology International (accepted manuscript: arXiv 2610.23688).

Published critique

Reports a second error in the code of model S47 (direction of the Earth’s rotation). With the corrected values provided by the model’s author, the indicator gap between permanent standard and daylight time falls to about 0.2 hours per person per year. Values reported by the critics, not independently recalculated; the model’s authors have replied.

Stanford Medicine (Nina Bai) (2025). Study suggests most Americans would be healthier without daylight saving time . Stanford Medicine News Center, September 15, 2025.

News

Presentation of model S47 before its correction: compared with the current time change, obesity prevalence 0.78 points lower under standard time (about 2.6 million people) and 0.51 points lower under daylight time (1.7 million); strokes: about 300,000 versus 220,000.

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (2020). IARC Monographs Volume 124: Night Shift Work . IARC Monographs, vol. 124.

Official document

Classifies night shift work as probably carcinogenic (group 2A). The exposure assessed is night work, not legal time: this classification does not concern permanent daylight time.

Gu and al. (2017). Longitude Position in a Timezone and Cancer Risk in the United States . Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 26, 1306–1311.

Study

Ecological analysis of 607 counties: associations between position in the west of a time zone and certain cancers. No individual light measurement. See reanalysis S42.

Niu, Brown, Law, Colacino and Ritov (2024). Longitudinal Position and Cancer Risk in the United States Revisited . Cancer Research Communications, 4, 328–336.

Published critique

With new data, the associations are no longer significant for total cancer and most cancers. Weakens strong causal claims drawn from these gradients.

Klerman and al. (2024). Daylight saving time and mortality—proceed with caution . Nature Communications, 15, 1576.

Published critique

Methodological critique of S73, prior to the retraction: a large dataset does not guarantee a correct causal conclusion.

Government of Québec, office of the Minister of Justice (2025). Une majorité de Québécois voudrait mettre fin au changement d’heure . News release, March 8, 2025.

Official document

Online consultation from October 22 to December 1, 2024: over 214,000 responses and 25,000 comments; 91% want to stop the time change; 72% of those want to keep daylight time all year. Open consultation: not a representative poll, and one response is not necessarily one distinct person.

Government of Québec (2025). Principaux constats de la consultation publique sur le changement d’heure (infographie) . Infographic reproduced in ACRGTQ Média, April 2025, p. 19.

Official document

“Should the current situation be maintained?” Against: 91%; for: 9%. “Would you prefer daylight time or winter time all year?” Daylight time: 72%; winter time: 25%; other answers: 3%. According to news release G01, this second breakdown concerns respondents who want to end the time change.

National Assembly of Québec (2006). Loi sur le temps légal . CQLR, chapter T-5.1 (S.Q. 2006, c. 39), in force January 1, 2007.

Official document

Québec law setting legal time in Québec: Eastern standard time (UTC−5), and daylight time (UTC−4) from the second Sunday in March to the first Sunday in November; the eastern tip of the North Shore follows Atlantic time. In Canada, legal time falls under provincial jurisdiction: ending the time change in Québec requires amending this law at the National Assembly.

Office of the Québec Minister of Justice (2026). Le gouvernement du Québec souhaite mettre fin au changement d’heure . News release, October 28, 2026.

Official document

Minister Marie-Claude Sarrazin announces a bill to make the next time change the last one, and quick consultations on which time to keep.

Le Devoir (2026). Le gouvernement du Québec compte déposer un projet de loi pour abolir le changement d’heure . Le Devoir, October 28, 2026.

News

The choice between daylight time and standard time will be made after the consultations; it will determine whether the clocks change one last time in the spring.

Zone911, citing the SAAQ (2026). Mois du piéton — bilan 2025 . October 2026 campaign.

News

Press coverage of a SAAQ report: 75 pedestrians killed in 2025 in Québec, 19 of them in October and November according to the article (monthly breakdown not verified in a SAAQ table); the SAAQ points to the drop in light in the fall.

Makivvik (2026). Public notice: Clarification of 2026 Nunavik Time Standards . Public notice, October 14, 2026.

Official document

Clock changes continue in Nunavik in 2026; Makivvik aims to end them from November 2027, after consulting the population. The time that would be kept is not specified in this notice.

Institut de la statistique du Québec (D. Aranibar Zeballos) (2025). L’emploi du temps de la population québécoise en 2022. Faits saillants . ISQ, August 27, 2025.

Official document

Official portrait of Quebecers’ time use drawn from the same survey. Does not publish the light calculations: those are ours.

Ma lumière (original calculation) (2026). Lumière du jour pendant l’éveil selon l’heure gardée toute l’année . Method, assumptions and data on the page “Light while we’re awake”.

Model

For each day of the year, sunrise and sunset are crossed with the share of Quebecers awake at each hour (Statistics Canada). Montréal: 3,969 h a year with daylight time, 3,736 h with standard time, or 233 h more. Assumption: people sleep at the same clock times. This is potential light, not measured exposure or a health effect. Not peer-reviewed.

Global News (A. S. Maratta and T. Sargeant) (2026). Quebec government says it plans to end seasonal time change . Global News, October 28, 2026.

News

The Québec government plans to end the time change. Consultations through a short parliamentary committee “in the coming months”.

Radio-Canada (Gala Dionne) (2026). Entre Pointe-à-la-Croix et l’Acadie, des citoyens cherchent la bonne heure . Radio-Canada, November 2026.

News

If New Brunswick keeps changing its clocks: with daylight time all year, Québec would have the same time as it in winter; with standard time, one hour apart in winter and two hours in summer. The Holt government says it wants to act with its neighbours.

Lam and al. (2026). Analysis of health impacts associated with adopting permanent standard time or permanent daylight saving time to inform policy in Canada . Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ), 198, E1335–E1340, October 5, 2026.

Review or meta-analysis

Concludes that the preponderance of health evidence favours standard time. Acknowledges benefits of bright evenings (leisure, social life, travel, economy) and proposes, if daylight time is chosen, mitigation measures and monitoring.

Legislative Assembly of Ontario (2020). Bill 214, Time Amendment Act, 2020 . Statutes of Ontario 2020, c. 28.

Official document

Passed on November 25, 2020, assented to on November 30. Makes daylight time the time all year, coming into force by proclamation. The law itself names neither Québec nor New York: coordinating with them is a position of the Ontario government (see W13).

Government of British Columbia (2026). Adopting permanent daylight saving time . News release, March 2, 2026.

Official document

The March 8, 2026 change is the last one: the province stays on daylight time (UTC−7) all year.

Government of British Columbia (2019). Interpretation amendment act sets stage for year-round daylight time . News release, 2019 (following the govTogetherBC consultation).

Official document

2019 consultation: 223,273 participants; over 93% in favour of year-round daylight time. Open consultation, not a random poll.

Government of Yukon (2020). Yukon to remain on permanent time . News release, 2020.

Official document

Over 4,800 responses; 93% want to stop changing the clocks and 70% of them prefer daylight time. UTC−7 all year since November 2020.

Government of Yukon (2026). Learn about Yukon Standard Time . Official page.

Official document

Yukon is permanently on UTC−7: no clock change in spring or fall.

European Commission (2018). Summertime — consultation publique sur les changements d’heure saisonniers . European Commission.

Official document

About 4.6 million responses; 84% in favour of abolishing clock changes. Open consultation (not a representative sample); this percentage concerns abolition, not the choice of daylight time.

timeanddate.com (2026). Alberta Is Set to Adopt Permanent Daylight Saving Time . timeanddate.com.

News

Announced on April 20, 2026, Bill 31 assented to on May 14, “Alberta Time” at UTC−6 all year; no fall back on November 1, 2026.

Government of Manitoba (2026). Annonce de l’heure avancée permanente au Manitoba . Government of Manitoba news release, September 17, 2026.

Official document

92% of respondents wanted to stop changing the clocks; 58% preferred daylight time and 34% standard time.

Government of the Northwest Territories (2026). Northwest Territories ends Seasonal Time Change . News release, September 23, 2026.

Official document

“Northwest Territories Time” (UTC−6) all year, the same time as Alberta and Saskatchewan; regulation in force on August 21, 2026.

Angus Reid Institute (2026). Time to Change? Overwhelming Majority of Canadians Prefer End to the Practice of Daylight Saving Time . Online survey, March 11–16, 2026, 3,025 Canadian adults (Angus Reid Forum, weighted results), published March 16, 2026.

Poll

A very large majority of Canadians want to stop changing the clocks. 53% prefer daylight time all year, 33% standard time, 14% switching. In Québec, according to the detailed table (DST3): 56% for daylight time, 29% for standard time, 15% for switching; the Québec sample size is not specified. Only Saskatchewan prefers standard time (56% versus 41%); yet the time it calls “standard” is, for its longitude, daylight time.

Wikipedia (English) (2026). Daylight saving time in Canada . Collaborative encyclopedia, version of October 17, 2026.

News

Overview of each province’s situation. Used only for the case of Saskatchewan (Central time all year since a 1966 law); other facts refer to official sources.

U.S. News & World Report (2026). The House Voted for Permanent Daylight Saving Time. Here Is What it Means for You . U.S. News, July 16, 2026.

News

On July 14, 2026, the House of Representatives passed the Sunshine Protection Act (308 to 117). The Senate has not yet acted.

Government of Ontario, Ministry of the Attorney General (2026). Ontario Moving to Permanent Daylight Saving Time in Parts of Northwestern Ontario . News release, October 13, 2026.

Official document

Kenora and northwestern Ontario (Central time zone) move to permanent daylight time with Manitoba on November 1, 2026, by regulation. The rest of Ontario keeps changing its clocks. The release notes that the 2020 law will make daylight time permanent throughout the province once in force, and that coordination with Québec and New York matters for trade, the stock market and broadcasting.

National Research Council Canada (2025). Fuseaux horaires et heure avancée . Official time of Canada, page modified November 1, 2025.

Official document

“Most of Saskatchewan uses Central Standard Time all year round.” The Lloydminster area follows Alberta time instead. On the official time zone map, Saskatchewan lies mostly in the Mountain time zone.